GRAMMATICAL WORDS (CINDERELLA SHORT STORY)

1.      Introduction

Each word in English belongs to one of the eight parts of speech. Each word in English is also either a content words or a function word. Let's think about what these two types mean: Content = information , meaning, Function = necessary words for grammar. In other words, content words give us the most important information while function words are used to stitch those words together.

a.       Content Word Types

Content words are usually nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs. A noun tells us which object, a verb tells us about the action happening, or the state. Adjectives give us details about objects and people and adverbs tell us how, when or where something is done. Nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs give us important information required for understanding. Noun = person, place or thing,Verb = action, state ,Adjective = describes an object, person, place or thing,Adverb = tells us how, where or when something happens.While nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs are the most important content words there are a few other words that are also key to understanding.

These include negatives no, not and never, demonstrative pronouns including this, that, these and those, and question words what, where, when, how and why.It isn't surprising that content words are usually nouns, verbs, adjectives, and sometimes adverbs. Those are the words that help us form a picture in our head; they give us the contents of our story and tell our listener where to focus his or her attention. We want our listener to be able to quickly grasp the main content of our story, so we make the content words easier to hear by bringing attention to them with added stress.

b.      Function Word Types

Function words help us connect important information. Function words are important for understanding, but they add little in meaning beyond defining the relationship between two words. Function words include: auxiliary verbs, prepositions, articles, conjunctions and pronouns. Auxiliary verbs are used to establish the tense, prepositions show relationships in time and space, articles show us something that is specific or one of many, and pronouns refer to other nouns. Auxiliary verbs = do, be, have - help with conjugation of tense, Prepositions = show relationships in time and space , Articles = used to indicate specific or non-specific nouns,Conjunctions = words that connect ,Pronouns - refer to other nouns. Function words are the words we use to make our sentences grammatically correct. Pronouns, determiners, and prepositions, and auxiliary verbs are examples of function words.

If our function words are missing or used incorrectly, we are probably considered poor speakers of English, but our listener would probably still get the main idea of what we are saying. Since function words don't give us the main information, we don't usually want or need to do anything to give them added attention and the words remain unstressed. In addition, sometimes we do things to deliberately push function words into the background... almost the opposite of stressing. This is called reducing.

Not very many aspects of English are concrete, and the idea of stressing content words, but not function words, is a generalization and not a rule. Not every content word is said louder or longer, and not every function word is reduced. A speaker chooses exactly which words to stress based on the message he or she is trying to send.

To solve this material, this why I want to conduct a mini research of grammatical word from the a short story under the title CINDERELA. Based on my observation, I found many content and function words inside. And I put all of my data here.

2.      Aim of Research

•      to identify the content and function words of short story.

•      to identify the malay translation of short story.

•      to identify the index of sintesis of short story.  

•      to identify the caracteryzing the language of malay translation of short story.

CINDERELLA

Once upon a time, there was a young girl named Cinderella. She lived with her step mother and two step sisters.

The step mother and sisters were conceited and bad tempered. They treated Cinderella very badly. Her step mother made Cinderella do the hardest works in the house; such as scrubbing the floor, cleaning the pot and pan , and preparing the food for the family. The two step sisters, on the other hand, did not work about the house. Their mother gave them many beautyful dresses to wear.

One day, the two step sister received an invitation to the ball that the king’s son was going to give at the palace. They were excited about this and spent so much time choosing the dresses they would wear. At last, the day of the ball came, and away went the sisters to it. Cinderella could not help crying after they had left.

“Why are crying, Cinderella?” a voice asked. She looked up and saw her fairy godmother standing beside her, “because I want so much to go to the ball” Cinderella said. “Well” said the godmother,”you’ve been such a cheerful, hardworking, uncomplaining girl that I am going to see that you do go to the ball”.

Magically, the fairy godmother changed a pumpkin into a fine coach and mice into a coachman and two footmen. Her godmother tapped Cinderella’s raged dress with her wand, and it became a beautiful ball gown. Then she gave her a pair of pretty glass slippers. “Now, Cinderella”, she said; “You must leave before midnight”. Then away she drove in her beautiful coach.

Cinderella was having a wonderfully good time. She danced again and again with the king’s son. Suddenly the clock began to strike twelve, she ran toward the door as quickly as she could. In her hurry, one of her glass slipper was left behind.

A few days later, the king’ son proclaimed that he would marry the girl whose feet fitted the glass slipper. Her step sisters tried on the slipper but it was too small for them, no matter how hard they squeezed their toes into it. In the end, the king’s page let Cinderella try on the slipper. She stuck out her foot and the page slipped the slipper on. It fitted perfectly. Finally, she was driven to the palace. The king’s son was overjoyed to see her again. They were married and live happily forever.

Notes           :           RED = Content

                     BLACK = Function

CINDERELLA

Pada suatu masa dahulu , terdapat seorang gadis muda dinamakan Cinderella. Dia tinggal dengan ibu dan dua kakak beradik tirinya.

 Ibu dan adik-beradik tirinya sangatlah sombong dan buruk marah. Mereka merawat Cinderella teruk sangat. ibunya buat Cinderella melakukan kerja-kerja yang paling sukar di dalam rumah ; seperti menyental lantai, membersihkan periuk dan kuali dan menyediakan makanan untuk semua keluarga. Kedua-dua saudara tirinya, di sisi lain , tidak bekerja untuk maslahat rumah. Ibu mereka telah memberikan mereka banyak pakaian kacak nan elok untuk dipakai.

Satu hari , kedua-dua kakak menerima jemputan untuk pesta bahawa anak raja itu akan buat di istana . Mereka teruja tentang perkara ini dan menghabiskan banyak masa tuk memilih pakaian mereka yang akan dipakai. Akhirnya , hari pesta datang, dan kedua-dua saudaranya pergi daripadanya. Cinderella tidak dapat ikut dan terisak menangis selepas mereka lepas meninggalkannya.

"Mengapa menangis , Cinderella " tanya suara. Dia melihat ke atas dan melihat kedudukan wali wanita di sebelah beliau, " kerana saya mahu begitu banyak untuk pergi ke pesta " kata Cinderella. "Baiklah " kata wali wanita , " adalah engkau yang ceria , rajin , gadis tak mengeluh bahawa saya akan melihat bahawa anda pergi ke pesta" .

Ajaib sangat saat itu, wali wanita itu berubah labu ke juru latih halus dan tikus menjadi pemandu kereta kuda dan dua orang berjalan kaki . Wali wanita itu ditoreh pakaian menular pada Cinderella dengan tongkat , dan ia menjadi gaun pesta yang indah sangat. Kemudian ia memberikannya sepasang selipar kaca cantik. "Sekarang, Cinderella" , beliau berkata ; " engkau mesti meninggalkan pesta sebelum tengah malam ". Kemudian dia memandu jauh dalam juru latih yang indah itu.

Cinderella mempunyai masa yang hebat yang baik. Dia menari lagi dan lagi dengan anak raja. Tiba-tiba masa mula menyerang dua belas, dia berlari ke arah pintu secepat dia boleh sanggup. Dalam tergesa-gesa beliau , salah satu selipar kaca beliau telah ketinggalan.

Beberapa hari kemudian , anak raja mengisytiharkan bahawa dia akan berkahwin dengan gadis yang kaki dipasang kasut kaca . Langkah kedua-dua saudaranya cuba pada selipar tetapi ia adalah terlalu kecil untuk mereka, tidak kira berapa keras mereka dihimpit kaki mereka ke dalamnya. Akhirnya , laman raja membiarkan Cinderella mencuba selipar itu. Beliau terperangkap keluar kakinya dan halaman susut selipar padanya . Ia daapt dipasang dengan sempurna.

Akhirnya , beliau telah didorong ke istana. Anak raja itu gembira sangat melihat dia hadir lagi. Merekapun berkahwin dan hidup bahagia selama-lama masa .

GRAMMATICAL WORDS

(CINDERELLA SHORT STORY)

COMPILED

BY :

IMAM SATRIA (34114142)

LECTURER :

HERINA MASBE, M.Hum

Class    :           Pbi  V  Semester  5

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT TARBIYAH FACULTY

INSTITUT FOR  ISLAMIC  STUDIES

NORTH  SUMATERA

2013