1.
Introduction
Vocabulary
is collection of words that knows the meaning and can be used by someone in
language . Vocabulary is the set of words within
a language that are familiar to that person. A vocabulary usually
develops with age, and serves as a useful and fundamental tool
for communication and acquiring knowledge. Acquiring an
extensive vocabulary is one of the largest challenges in learning a second
language.Vocabulary is commonly defined as all the words known and used by a
particular person. Knowing a word, however, is not as simple as
simply being able to recognize or use it. There are several aspects of word
knowledge which are used to measure word knowledge.
Learning vocabulary is one of the first steps in learning
a second language, but a learner never finishes vocabulary acquisition. Whether
in one's native language or a second language, the acquisition of new
vocabulary is an ongoing process. Some words cannot be easily linked through
association or other methods. When a word in the second language is phonologically
or visually similar to a word in the native language, one often assumes they
also share similar meanings. They are
many techniques, methods, medias, and especially strategies which help in
improving the students’ mastery in English vocabulary. But based on my
first observation, I found many students at VII class SMP Karya Bunda still
have difficulties to improve their mastery of English vocabulary. One of the
problems is the students do not understand the meaning of English vocabulary.
In the process of teaching and learning vocabulary, it can be seen by the
mistakes that they made in the vocabulary task that has given by their teacher.
This condition happened as the students still don’t understand about the
English vocabulary meanings, on the other hand , the teacher always used the
monotone media in teaching. Media is a way that the teacher used in teaching
the material. There are many Medias that can be used in teaching .To solve this
problem, it’s better to use a different
media such as Color Picture. It’s hoped that by implementing this media the
students’ ability in English vocabulary can be increased.
Ideally, if the teacher used the different media in
teaching the material of study, so the students’ ability in English vocabulary
will be increased too.
A. Instructional Educative Media
Teaching
and learning basically is communication process. Communication process refers
to message exchanged where it happen in the classroom between teachers and
students. Through communication process, message or information which delivered
by teacher can be absorbed finely by the students. To avoid miss lead during
communication process in the classroom it requires media. Media that use for
the purpose of pedagogic is called Instructional Educative Media. Instructional
Educative Media is term to replace other terminologies such as educative media
or teaching media where meaning and purpose is similar.
1. The
Function of Instructional Educative Media
Educative
media (Instructional Educative Media) functioned;
a. To
rise learning motivation
b. To
repeat what students have learnt
c. To provide
learning stimulus
d. To
activate students respond
e. To
give immediate feedback
f. To
improve learning practice
There
are four functions of Instruktional Educative Media, as follow:
a. To
change formal education (which based on instructional academic) to be education
that based on student’s need.
b. Improving
students’ motivation
c. It
gives clarification and
d. Stimulation.
2. The
Classification of Instructional Teaching Media
Classification
of Instructional educative media is divided into five categories according to
their character;
a. Real
material and people
b. Visuals
and projection
c. Audio
materials
d. Printed
material
e. Display
material
Classification
based on three level of experiences, such as:
a. Relief
experience, for example; train, ball.
b. Substitute
of relief experience, for example picture, film, and model.
c. Experience
trough words only, for example book, magazine, cassette, plate.
Knowing
classification educative media is important because it enable us to find the
perfect fit and suitable one for our student. For choosing media in the
classroom, it needed attention to some considerations.
3. Choosing
Instructional Educative Media
There
are four considerations for choosing instructional educative media, those are;
a. Production
consideration consist of; material availability, cost, physical condition,
accessibility to student and emotional impact.
b. Learner
consideration consist of; student characteristic, student relevance and student
involvement.
c. Content
consideration, consist of; curricular-relevance, content-soundness and content
presentation.
d. Teacher
Consideration consist of; Teacher-utilization, Teacher peace of mind.
All
of the media that used can solve problems and not causing problems, in order to
do it, observation and review to the media is truly important before bring it
to the classroom.
4. Pictures
for Teaching Vocabulary
Picture
is one of educative media. Picture is something that we can see, in other word
picture is visual. Picture gives stimulation which enables the learner
memorizes new vocabulary. Learning foreign language means learning new
vocabulary which sometimes totally different than our native. Indonesian
student who learn English as foreign language, must know and memorize thousands
of English vocabulary. As we know the key for a successful of language learning
is by memorizing list of words as many as we could. In fact, children of
elementary tend to rely more on memory, but they also have sufficient maturity
to meet the rigours of a formal learning environment, where concentration,
attention and even the ability to seat still.
Picture is used by teacher to
stimulate student memory and it is one of strategy to attract students’
attention in learning vocabulary. From experts opinion that written previously,
the researcher can conclude that picture has fulfill its function as educative
media for example; it can improve students’ motivation and it also provide
stimulus that may upgrade student’s memory and attention. Picture can be
classified into visual aid and picture also is material that easy to
find.
B. The Advantage of Using Picture for
Teaching Vocabulary
For vocational high
school students, learning English as foreign language is not easy. English
teacher should provide pleasant atmosphere to invite the motivation and
interest of the students. It is done to take students’ ease in acquiring the
language, not only get the prospect of what they have learnt but also they
should get satisfactory from the learning. The advantages of picture for
teaching vocabulary mentioned as follow;
1. The
picture motivated the students to learn vocabulary. By seeing picture, it
gives stimulation which enable the learner memorize new vocabularies.
2. Pictures
are easy to understand by all age. The pictures are so simple
and easy to use. Pictures can create relaxing atmosphere, so students can
enjoy the class.
3. Pictures
kept the students interested and made the students active in answering the
questions.
4. Presenting
the pictures to the vocabularies in the beginning of the lesson, it
allow students to associate the pictures with meanings rather than
meaningless memorization.
5. Using
picture as class aid for teaching vocabulary can create long-term memorization.
Instead of learning vocabulary trough word memorization only which may create
short-term memory.
C. Teaching English for Elementary
School Students
The
young language learners formally learn the language in the classroom
at the level of elementary school. Teaching English in elementary school needs
various strategies and techniques to achieve the learning objective of certain
materials. A teacher should be able to modify his/her class into an attractive
class interaction. Therefore a good teacher should be aware of some terms
relate to the language classroom activity.
Young
language learner love to lay and learn best when they are enjoying themselves.
But they also take them self seriously and like to think that what they are
doing in their work. In this stage the language teacher is expected to guide
those students in other two things that they are in real situation. Thus the
teaching of English language mainly in case of vocabulary need and impression
that the word is real and understandable. Therefore in teaching vocabulary, the
spoken word must be accompanied by other clause such as movement, facial
expression etc. convoy their meanings.
In
teaching the young language learners, teachers do not rely on spoken words
only. Most activities should include movement and involve the sense. Teacher
need plenty of object and picture to work with and make full use of the school
and its surrounding as teaching media.
1. Some
Consideration of English to Elementary School Students
In
applying English for elementary school or early stage there are some
considerations that should be paid attention such as syllabus, material and
teachers.there are some considerations of teaching English to elementary school
i.e. syllabus teaching material and teacher.
Syllabus
consist of content to be taught a course of study, state or items that cannot
be neglected in making syllabus such as ; (a) what are the targets
that should be reached in teaching English for elementary school students? (b)
What are the appropriate methods, techniques and approaches be applied for
elementary school student to reach the wished target? (c) How to manage the
classroom effectively and (d) how to know the students achievement is
successful or not. Beside syllabus teaching material has a significant
role in teaching English for the children. Selecting material is based on three
points, e.i. teaching aims, learner needs and local situation.
Meanwhile
a teacher is absolutely needed as a facilitator of the teaching and learning
process. A good teacher is able to combine the serious study of English with
the more entertaining activities that he/she thing
his/her students something need. The idea characteristic of the teacher as the
teacher should have deep knowledge in English and always has initiative to
improve his /he capability; the teacher should have capability in managing the
classroom activities, provides, material and be able to use various media
perfectly .
After
all organizing syllabus, providing appropriate teaching materials and the
capability of teacher are extremely needed in other to get successfulness in
teaching and learning process.
2. Children’s
Memory Ability
The
memory ability of very young children seems to be unparalleled in that they can
absorb a phenomenal amount of data. Many parents tell of the experience of
reading a lengthy familiar bedtime story to their young child and, when the
parent began nodding off to sleep, being sharply corrected by the child as to
exactly which words had been skipped.
Which
children at the age of 5 or 6 still display a phenomenal ability at rote
memorization, it seems that older children do not, with some decline beginning
around 8 years of age and more of a decline from about 12 years age. In this
regard, it seems that children’s age can be usefully divided into at least two
categories, under 7 years and 7 to 12 years. This is rough categorization which
we shall use.
It
seems that younger children tend to rely more on memory than older children.
investigated students who were in an immersion language education program (the
teaching of subject matter trough a second language). Older children began to
apply their cognitive abilities in analyzing the syntactic rules of the second
language while younger children relied more heavily on their use of rote memory
for language learning. One could interpret these data as indicating perhaps
that the older children jumped to syntactic analysis sooner because they
realized that they had difficulty in remembering all of the sentences which
they heard.
3. Aim of study
The
study aimed at knowing the effect of using color pictures to developing the
students English vocabulary development. The research was experimental study,
where the samples were divided into two group, i.e. experimental group and
control group. Both experimental group and control group were tested by using
pre-test. Then, the result of study is the teaching English vocabulary for the
Elementary School by using color picture products a much greater change in the
students’ vocabulary development than by using the traditional techniques.
The
problem of the study is “what factor to promote the effectiveness of using
color pictures in teaching English vocabulary and is color pictures effective
in teaching English vocabulary”. Because the number population of this study
was less than 100, the researcher took all members of the population as the
samples of the research. Then, the samples were divided into two groups which
are consisted of 10 students for control group and 10 students for experimental
group. Then instrument of the study was essay type of test. Then, the result of
the study is using color pictures a significant effect toward students English
vocabulary mastery.
From
the above research, the writer assumes that teaching vocabulary
using pictures as media make better result. So, the researcher will
observe the application of teaching vocabulary by using pictures as
teaching media.
D. Data Collection Procedure
In
obtaining the data, the researcher gave pre-test, treatment and
post-test to the sample.
1. Pre-test
In
the beginning the researcher gave the same pre-test to both groups.
Pre-test wasaimed to measure the students’ ability in vocabulary
mastery before treatment. In this test, the researcher
provided 25 items which consisted of 15
item of multiple choices and 10 item of matching pictures. Every
correct answer was scored 4 and each wrong
answer was scored 0.
2. Treatment
The
treatment refers to treat the sample with pictures. In this step the
researchergave different treatment to both groups. The
researcher taught English vocabulary to the students in experimental
group by using picture, while in the control group the
researcher taught English vocabulary without picture or in
conventional way.
3. Post-test
The post-test given
after treatment, it was aimed to know the students’
improvement in mastery English vocabulary after
treatment. The same questions as in the pre-test had been given to the
student but the question number was put randomly.
2.
Exercises :
Using Color Pictures for Teaching Vocabulary
a.
Ask the
students memorize the name of these animals….
.
b.
Then, ask the
students to give the names of these animals….!
c.
Look at the Body items….!
d.
fill the blank
shapes please…!
COMPILED
BY :
IMAM SATRIA (34114142)
LECTURER :
Dra.
Siti Ismahani, M.Hum
Class : Pbi
V Semester 5
ENGLISH
DEPARTMENT TARBIYAH FACULTY
INSTITUT
FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES
NORTH SUMATERA
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar